Euthanasia And Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal - 1241 Words

There has been an ongoing battle whether or not euthanasia or physician assisted suicide should be legal. Whether or not is ethical for a physician to assist in a person s death. Euthanasia or assisted suicide is causing the death of a person who is disease, suffering from a condition that is not curable. To end their suffering the individuals end their lives, but are important to keep in consideration that in order for the individual to make such a big decision they must be in the right state of mind. One of the greatest moral issues that we are facing is the principle of freedom. Whether or not individuals should have the right or not to choose what they are going to do with their live. Keeping in consideration that freedom was on what†¦show more content†¦It gets harder to convince joint movement and the person usually dies because their bodies shut down. The case of Janet Adkins went viral in 1990 when she decided to end her life at the age of fifty four. Due to the fact, that she did not wanted to continue living with Alzheimer’s. Adkins was a teacher at a community college and musician, a wife and a mother of three sons who complete support her decision. According to Jason Renaud the author of â€Å"Janet Adkins, Jack Kevorkian and the end of an era,† Adkins left annotated stating â€Å"I have decided for the following reasons to take my own life. This is a decision taken in a normal state of mind and is fully considered. I have Alzheimer s disease and do not want to let it progress any further. I don t choose to put my family or myself through the agony of this terrible disease. Janet contact a retired pathologist by the name of Jack Kevorkian to help her die with lethal injection machine that Doctor Kevorkian created. In the states that euthanasia is legal she wouldn’t had been able to take her life away, th is it due to her condition not been terminal. Adkins still brought a big topic into the spotlight causing individual attention in the subject. According to Death with Dignity the author of â€Å"FAQs† not every terminal ill adult can end their life. In order for theShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia And Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal1611 Words   |  7 Pagesthe topic of euthanasia or assisted suicide is spoke about usually it is only whispered, people don’t like to speak about death but are very out spoken when it comes to enjoying your life and being free. There are many reasons why people in society believe that it is morally wrong but who are we to tell a person that is suffering and can take it no more they aren’t allowed to end their own life even though that’s what that person wants? Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide should be made legal in the UnitedRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal Essay1755 Words   |  8 Pagesthat, â€Å"According to research, some 66% of U.S. adults believe that a doctor or nurse should allow a patient to die in certain circumstances† (25 Surprising Physician Assisted Suicide Statistics, 2014). Physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia should not just be a matter of law but as well as free will. In this essay, I am using a virtue approach to contend that euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide should be legal. Is it moral to allow people to end their lives suffering? It helps people, savesRead MoreShould Euthanasia or Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal1818 Words   |  8 Pages  Should Euthanasia or Physician Assisted Suicide be Legal?         One day while interning at the Animal Clinic of Bay Ridge I witnessed something so cruel. This middle-aged shiatsu was dropped off at the animal clinic. Mind you, the owners didn’t even bother to come in the room with the dog. As I played with the dog until he would be â€Å"putdown† I wondered why in the world someone would put such a lovely dog down is unimaginable. Despite being sorry for the dog I feel euthanizing both animals and humanRead MoreEuthanasia And Assisted Suicide Should Be Legalized Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pages The Oxford English Dictionary states that euthanasia is a gentle and easy death (Oxford English Dictionary). According to the Oxford English Dictionary, active euthanasia is the ending of a terminally ill person s life by direct intervention, such as administering a lethal dose of painkilling drug (Oxford English Dictionary). While passive euthanasia according to the Oxford English Dictionary is the withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining medical treatment in the knowledge that the personRead MoreShould Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide Be Legalized?825 Words   |  4 PagesLeonard Should Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide be Legalized? Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide should become legal in the United States and all US territories. Though Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide are not the same and are separate acts, they both serve the same purpose, which is to follow the desire of a person with terminal illness to end their life without legal consequences. This same right should extend to family members and guardians of people unable to act for themselves. The current legal situationRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide is NOT Ethical Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesIs physician assisted suicide morally right? This has been a controversial subject for some time now. People are wondering whether or not it is the most humane thing to do. If dogs can be putdown, why not people? The reason is in that question. They are people. Every life is important, no matter how long it may be. Instead of finding a way to get rid of people faster, the government could put those efforts in something more positive. If other people are conside ring whether or not the patients’ lifeRead MoreEthical and Legal Debates on Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia Essay1503 Words   |  7 Pagesregarding the debatable subject of euthanasia and assisted suicide, have been questioned frequently by society. Though the question may never be answered between euthanasia and assisted suicide being right or wrong, the fact of the matter is that people are still choosing their fate. In America, euthanasia refers to a person knowingly, and purposely taking another persons life, or in a more factual meaning killing someone who in fact couldn’t kill himself. Euthanasia also known as â€Å"mercy killing† isRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide983 Words   |  4 Pageshave different perspectives and views on Euthanasia or Physician-assisted suicide and how they should or should not be legal. In some cases people feel as if the patient who are suffering from a terminal painful disease should have the right to commit suicide in other cases people feel as if the patient is being selfish to end their life when you have loved ones that are going to suffer because they killed themselves. People feel it should or should not be legal because of right to die, living willsRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Is Not Considered Admissible949 Words   |  4 PagesPhysician assisted suicide- the voluntary termination of one’s own life by administ ration of a lethal substance with the direct or indirect assistance of a physician, and euthanasia, the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable, painful disease are both highly emotional and contentious subjects. Some argue physician assisted suicide (P.A.S.) is admissible for someone who is dying and trying to painlessly break free from the intolerable suffering at the end of their life, and someRead MoreIs Euthanasia A Lethal Injection?1269 Words   |  6 Pagesto death, veterinarians will inform the owner on options of euthanasia or â€Å"putting the pet to sleep.† While the owner officially has to make the decision of putting the pet out of it’s pain or misery with a lethal injection. In the case of humans, rather than animals, whether or not a lethal injection should be given is a highly argued ethical and economical matter. In this paper, peoples’ cultures and how they affect the view of euthanasia, will be discussed along with the cost of medical procedures

Military Leadership Free Essays

The American Revolution comprised mainly of land based forces in the form of army battalions. Because of the early creations of ammunition, the armies are the only available units in the war. Since this conflict primarily involved the intention of independence, it was a very brute event for the commanders of both sides. We will write a custom essay sample on Military Leadership or any similar topic only for you Order Now Christian men are the most proliferated individuals in this war. Interestingly, the American Revolution had a great influence on liberal thought throughout Europe (American Revolution, 2006). On the other hand, the American civil war was a major war between the forces of the same constituents of a nation. However, because of the relative differences in ideology, the war became inevitable and eventually came into reality. The military people in the American civil war may be perceived to have a balanced approach towards victory. Because of the relative smaller scope, the commanding forces of the army may have been somehow reluctant to fight their own citizen domains. They were very prone to social trauma considering that they live in the same national domain with just a little misunderstanding of idealism approaches. It would have been very hard for the army to fight for both sides since they belong to a single line of citizenship. The most explicit factor in the procedure of this war was the collaboration of slaves and the fighting units until the end of the event. Emancipated slaves fought in several key battles in the last two years of the war (wikipedia, 2007). The military personnel still has the concentration of American males with religious affiliations of Christian origin. This made the war very traumatic for both parties. On the event of the Indian wars, the army still had the opportunity to disclose its might. Although naval and air forces are not very significant during this period war, the relative intensity on the part of the army still focused on the aproach to dislodge what native americans were fighting for. The concentration of Native American and English lineages was the main component of the war. Men were still the most active participants in the war while some females of both social parties were engaged in post war operations. The relative differences in racial characteristics of both sides was the aggravating factor that lead to various levels of fight setbacks. The armies of both sides were willing to win against each other. As with the whole population of the American army, most Americans viewed the Indians as incorrigible and non-reformable savages. Those closest to the warring factions or who were threaten by it, naturally wanted government protection at any cost (Davis, 1999). For World War I, the overall capacity of the army, the navy and the availability of the air force, has dramatically changed the way war is staged. For the army, it was during this time that the physical participation of units is reduced because of advanced weapons and guns. For the navy, a greater scope of challenges was encountered due the international scope of the war. The naval forces played a great role in weakening the offenses of the enemy before letting the army proceed with the fight. On the other hand, the air force became a significant penetration unit to dislocate the stable forces of the enemy nation by targeting its internal strengths. Men are still the main forces in these three force units. However, women participation was very visible in the form of service units. Health care and rehabilitation are the main tasks for women involved in World War I. The religious affiliations were significant factors in this war because of the global scope of the conflict. References: American Revolution. 2006. Complete History-Aftermath. American Revolution. Retrieved May 21, 2007 from http://www.americanrevolution.com/. Davis, S. 1999. Buffalo Soldiers and Indian Wars. Buffalosoldiers. Retrieved May 21, 2007 from http://www.buffalosoldier.net/. Wikipedia. 2007. American Civi War. Retrieved May 21, 2007 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War#Military_factors. Â   How to cite Military Leadership, Essay examples

Corporate Finance for Managers

Questions: Question 1: Concept of Time Value of MoneyBy using the concept of time value of money, please use a few sentences plus numerical example to show your understanding in the following questions:a. Why is it better to receive $1 today than at some point in the future?b. During the global financial crisis, interest rate in Australia fell to low levels, but some relatively safe investments such as bank deposits were just barely above zero in United States. If the interest rate is actually zero, what is the relationship between the present value and the future value of money? c. What is the importance to an individual and corporate manager of understanding time value of money concepts? Under what circumstance would the time value of money be irrelevant from the perspective of corporate view? Question 2: Present Value and Future ValueAs a winning team of Dragon Boat Race Competition in WA, your team was given to choose one of the following prizes:a. $100,000 now.b. $180,000 at the end of five years.c. $11,400 a year forever.d. $19,000 for each of 10 years.e. $6,500 next year and increasing thereafter by 5 per cent a year forever.Your team was dazzled by these options, and the other team members turned to you for your help as you are studying finance courses in a university. If the interest rate is 12 per cent, how are you going to help your team to make the choice? (Please state detailed calculations, reasons, and the logic leading to your choice).Question 3: Present Value, Future Value, and Inflation RateThe following table shows national income per capital in 2013 in a sample of OECD countries and recent rates of inflation: Income per capital Annual inflation (US$) (%/year) Australia 65,520 2.7 France 42,250 0.69 Germany 46,100 1.43 Greece 22,530 -1.71 Japan 46,140 1.61 Switzerland 86,600 0.07 Turkey 10,950 7.4 UK 39,140 1.2 USA 53,670 1.5 If recent inflation rates persist in the future, what nominal income will be needed in each country in 2020 just to keep pace with inflation?Question 4: Effective Interest Rate You and your partner want to buy a house.City Bank will give you a $200,000 loan for 20 years. They will charge you 5% concessional interest for the first year, after which the loan reverts to their normal variable rate, which is currently 8.75%. They will also charge you a $600 application fee, plus when you make your loan enquiry you can have as much coffee as you can drink.The Republic Bank will also give you a $200,000 loan for 20 years, but their concessional interest rate for the first year is 6.75%, after which the loan reverts to their normal variable rate, which is also 8.75%. However, there is no fee and no coffee.Both banks compound interest daily and you will make your loan payments fortnightly. Assume there are 26 fortnights per year (520 over 20 years), and banks use a 365-day year to calculate t he interest charge.Required:a. What would your fortnightly loan payment be for each bank? b. Assuming you can drink $5 worth of coffee, which bank offers the best deal.Question 5: Present Value and the Opportunity Cost of Capital Kwinana Explorations Ltd have just struck oil in Western Australia. Their share price jumps from $1 to $15.Required:a. Explain why the equilibrium price has changed. b. Do you think the required rate of return for Kwinana will have changed? c. Assume the required rate of return does not change and is 20 per cent. Assume investors had believed there was no chance of an oil strike and expected that the company would wind up at the end of the year. How large a liquidating dividend had they expected? If the company is now to be sold to a multinational oil company at the end of the year, how much do investors expect to get per share? d. Using your answers from Part , calculate the expected return before and after news of the oil strike. e. Assume you got early n ews of the oil strike. What should you do, and what would be your expected return? f. Calculate the NPV of investing $1000 in Kwinana immediately before the news of the oil strike, and calculate NPV of a $1000 investment made immediately after the news. Question 6: Bond Imagine it is year 1815 and you are a trader in British government consols (consolidated war loan a perpetual security). It is the morning of Monday 19 June, the day after the battle of Waterloo. The British were the victors, but the battle was not decided until about nine in the evening. You believe that currently you are the only trader who knows the outcome of the battle.Would you be buying or selling consols? Explain your answer.Question 7: Share Valuation Investors expect the following series of dividends from a particular ordinary share: Year 1 $1.10Year 2 $1.25Year 3 $1.45Year 4 $1.60Year 5 $1.75After the fifth year, dividends will grow at a constant rate. If the required rate of return on this equity is 9% a nd the current market price is $45.64.Required:a. What is the long-term rate of dividend growth expected by the market?b. In the dividend constant-growth model we can apply the equation that P=D/(r-g) only under the assumption that rg. Suppose someone tries to argue with you that for a certain share, r g forever, not just during a temporary growth spurt. Why cant this be the case? What would happen to the share price if this were true? If you try to answer simply by looking at the formula you will almost certainly get the wrong answer. Think it through. Question 8: Investment Decision As a chief financial officer of Delta Pharmaceuticals, you recently received a capital expenditure analysis from your financial team. The two selection criteria results are presented below: Investment NPV IRR Project ($,000) ($,000) (%) 1 300 66 17.2 2 200 -4 10.7 3 250 43 16.6 4 100 14 12.1 5 100 7 11.8 6 350 63 18 7 400 48 13.5 Your company has only $1 million allocated for capital expenditures. The cost of capital for each project is 11 per cent.Requireda. Which of the above projects should the company accept to stay within the $1 million budget?b. How much does the budget limit cost the company in terms of its market value? Answers: 1. Concept of Time value of Money a. The Reason for taking 1$ today rather than at some point of time because the dollar received today can be invested to make more money in future. Apart from that, saving today allows to earn interest on their saving of 1$ which will give higher return in future (Andriosopoulos and Lasfer 2014). b. Global financial catastrophe during 2008 has created housing bubble and lowered the bam interest rate which affected the future value of present invested money. Since the interest is zero then the present value of money would be decreases which would decrease the future value of money. Interest rate for the money is zero would decreases the PV which would again decreases the FV. The relationship between PV and FV is if one increases, the other increases assuming that the interest rate and number of periods remains constant. c. One of the major concepts of time value of money is that money received at different period of time has different value. The corporate manager sees the time value of money ahs opportunity for increasing its funds in future. The fundamental behvaiour behind the this thought is that money the company receive in future would have less purchasing power that money the company own now , this is because of the rising inflation rate (Connor 2006). As for the individuals, if the individuals need $50000 after the retirement from the job of 10 years. The amount needed to deposit at every year from now would be determine the by using the time value of money. The time value of money affects corporate managers when budgeting and planning for fiscal years will be helping the company to manage and control the expenditure. The time value of money will be irrelevant if the interest rate is not given. Future value is irrelevant if the future value is double the present value of investment. Apart from the above, if the time of the future is value of the investment not been given then it will be irrelevant (McSweeney 2006). Time= Money/Cost 2. Present value and Future value As wining prizes , the team will be choosing the $100,000 now because as per the time value of money the money which will be received today will give higher return in future rather than future money. 100,000 *12%= 12000 per month from now onwards Which means , the team will be able to receive= 144000 total at end of every year This shows = 144000 x 5 years = 720,000 in future. This will be higher than the 180000 at the end of five years where the team will only be able to receive 3000 per month till five years. From the above, it has been found that money which will be received today will give higher value because the purchasing power of the money is decreasing every year (McSweeney 2006). Besides that, the time value of money will give an insight of the earnings from the present value of money per month. FVOA= A* (1+r)n-1/r =100,000 x (1+0.12)5-1/5 =100000 x 0.15 = 15246.83 The rest of the option like 180000 for five year ending , 114000 year forever , 19000 for each years of 10 years and 6500 for forever only decrease the value of money future because as the inflation rate is been increasing and the value of money will be decreasing future. 3. Present value, future value and inflation rate Income per capita Annual inflation rate % Nominal income (2013- 2020) Australia 65520 2.7 5326.534874 France 42250 0.69 3028.52 Germany 46100 1.43 3388.065 Greece 22,530 -1.71 -22259.92 Japan 46140 1.61 49251.74 Switzerland 86,600 0.07 8734.394 Turkey 10,950 7.4 1233.33 UK 39140 1.2 2877.94 USA 53,670 1.5 4036.92 FVOA = A x (1+r)n -1/r Australia France Germany Greece 1.0495 0.0079 0.0162 0.0219 1.402 1.0079 1.0162 -1.164 0.402 1.056628003 1.11906 -2.164 0.08129632 0.056628003 -0.988 5326.534874 0.071681017 0.11906 -22259.92382 3028.52 0.0735 3388.065432 Japan Switzerland Turkey UK USA 0.0401 0.1199 2.75 1.125 1.173 1.0401 1.1199 1.75 0.0735 0.075 1.317 2.209 0.113 2877.94 4036.92 1.067 1.209 1233.33 49251.74 0.101 8734.394 4. Effective Interest Rate a. City Bank Loan = 200000 Interest for 1st year = 5% Fortnight = 14 days Compound interest daily EAR = 1+(i/m)m 1 EAR = 1+(0.05/14)14 - 1 EAR = 5.118% F.V. = 3,951,907.97 Application fee = 600 F.V. = 3,951,907.97 + 600 = 3,952,508 The Republic Bank Loan = 200000 Interest for 1st year = 6.75% Fortnight = 14 days Compound interest daily EAR = 1+(i/m)m 1 EAR = 1+(.0675/14)14 1 EAR = 6.966% F.V. = 4,499,141 Both of the bank have to pay 3,952,508 and 4499,141 of fortnightly loan payment. This shows that bank will have to pay more than what it was expected. b.If I drink 5$ worth of coffee then the bank of then I will be choosing the republic banks. One of the major reason for choosing the bank because it charges less interest on coffee and offers a best deal for the client and the company. 5. Present Value and the Opportunity Cost of capital a. The the equilibrium price of the market has been changed because of the Kwinana has purchased the oil field in Western Australia. b. The required of rate of return of the company will be changed because the share price of the company has been jump off from $1 to $15. Since the price of the company has changed it made the company to gain the large or pool of investor who are willing to invest in the company. c. If the company rate of return is not been changed and company is looking to winding up the then investors will get the small percentage of the investment as dividend because of the company has to settle its debt and preference shares. Apart from that, if the Kwinana is looking to sell its company to the largest MNC then they expect share of return will be given as per the share purchased by the investors (Svennebring et al. 2013). d. Expected rate of return would be before news of oil strike would be higher with $15 and after the news the shareholding of the demand will decreased upto $1.20. This shows that strike and other external threats make the investors to change decisions on investment. 6. Bond As per the situation I will sell the shares of the British government consoles. I would sell the loan to as because I know the fate of the war already. The buying of loan would make would cost me higher because of the government has not yet announced when it will be repaying the debt. The money which I will receive today will be more valuable than the tomorrow money. It is simply time value calculations. After the battle is won the government will take at least more than 8-10 years to repay the consolidated loan. 7. Share valuation a. Present Value (P) 45.64 Return on Equity (Ke) 9% Expected Dividend (D1) 1.75 The long term growth rate of dividend shows that , expected dividend is 1.75. These investors who are investing more than 1.45 is very much helpful to gain the long term benefits in future. b. P = D1/(Ke g) 45.64 = 1.75/(0.09 g) g = 0.052% With the help of dividend constants growth model shows the growth of shares by 0.052%. This is because of the assumption under rg. If the scenario is just opposite with r 8. Investment decision Project Investment NPV 1 300 66 2 350 63 3 400 48 4 250 43 5 100 14 Project Investment IRR (%) 1 350 18 2 300 17.2 3 250 16.6 4 400 13.5 a. If the company has one million budget then the company will be choosing highest NPV value giving project such 66, 63 and 43 are the annual return. As per the IRR , the chosen investment rate here would be 18, 17.2 and 16.6. From the above calculation the chosen portfolio investment project for the delta pharmaceuticals would be 350, 250 and 300=900. The rest would be left out. b. As per the budget limit has cost the company to choose only those project which has higher NPV such as 66, 63 , 14 and 43 . however, although the 48 has highest rate of return but it fails to fulfill the 1 million project therefore the 14 npv has been chosen which is has investment worth of $100. Reference List Journals Andriosopoulos, Dimitris, and Meziane Lasfer. 2014. 'The Market Valuation Of Share Repurchases In Europe'. Journal Of Banking Finance. doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.04.017. Connor, Tom. 2006. 'Net Present Value: Blame The Workman Not The Tool'. Strat. Change 15 (4): 197-204. doi:10.1002/jsc.766. McSweeney, Brendan. 2006. 'Net Present Value: The Illusion Of Certainty'. Strat. Change 15 (1): 47-51. doi:10.1002/jsc.746. Svennebring, Andreas M, and Jarl ES Wikberg. 2013. 'Net Present Value Approaches For Drug Discovery'. Springerplus 2 (1): 140. doi:10.1186/2193-1801-2-140.